HISTORY OF CRICKET

         THE WORLD FAMOUS GAME: CRICKET

The History of Cricket

by Ben Johnson

Throughout the English countryside, each year in late April and early May, that familiar sound of leather (ball) against willow (bat) can once again be heard, signifying the start of a new cricket season. For American readers – this is the name of England’s premier summer sport and not some noisy bug!

A game, which could perhaps be described as a cross between baseball and chess. A game, which takes five days to play and more often than not ends in a draw. A game which has found devotees, followers and lovers in all of the far-flung reaches of the old British Empire including Australia, New Zealand, West Indies, South Africa, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.

The exact origins of cricket are unknown, but are believed to date back to the 16th century, the name deriving from the Anglo-Saxon word ‘cricc’, meaning a shepherd’s staff. It is thought that the first players were English shepherds, who used their ‘criccs’ as bats and the wicket gate of the sheep pens as a target for the bowlers or pitchers.

Wow 💫 unbelievable 😳surprising 🤷 features of key board..

Posted by-blogging guru AMAN

Hidden features of key board.    Hello guys ,once again I have came with an interesting and awesome  information about computer technology...                                                                             

                      So, let's 🌟t  without a delay...                                As we all know that computer and technology ha became very common for each and everyone of us..              inspite of that many of us don't know many hidden features of computer keyboard.                               So to avoid this ☝️read the data given below!!!    

Win keyboard

• ⊞ Win — opens the Start Menu, in Windows 8.1 — opens the previous window;
• ⊞ Win + A — opens the Action Center (in Windows 10);
• ⊞ Win + B — selects the first icon in the Notification Area (you can then switch between the icons using the arrow keys);
• ⊞ Win + Ctrl + B — switches to a program indicating a new message in the Notification Area;
• ⊞ Win + C shows the Charm Bar (in Windows 8 and 8.1); in Windows 10 it opens Cortana (if you’re using a supported language);
• ⊞ Win + D — shows the desktop (immediately minimizes all the opened windows);
• ⊞ Win + E — opens Windows Explorer; in Windows 10 opens the Quick Launch by default;
• ⊞ Win + F — opens ’Find files and folders’;
• ⊞ Win + Ctrl + F — opens ’Find computers’;
• ⊞ Win + G — brings all gadgets to the foreground that are in process (only in Windows 7 and Vista); opens the Game bar in Windows 10;
• ⊞ Win + K — opens a new Start menu — Connections (in Windows 8 and 8.1);
• ⊞ Win + L — changes user or locks the workstation;
• ⊞ Win + M — minimizes all windows;
• ⊞ Win + ⇧ Shift + M — restores windows that were minimized;
• ⊞ Win + O — locks device orientation (disables the gyroscope function on tablets);
• ⊞ Win + P — switches operating modes to an external monitor/projector (only in Windows 7 and newer);
• ⊞ Win + Q — opens Search charm for installed apps (checked in Windows 8);
• ⊞ Win + R — opens the ’Run dialog’ box;
• ⊞ Win + T — switches focus to the Taskbar (only in Windows 7 and newer);
• ⊞ Win + U — opens the Utility Manager;
• ⊞ Win + W — opens Windows Ink Workspace (notes, screenshots);
• ⊞ Win + X — opens the Windows Mobile Application Center (only for mobile computers in Windows Vista and 7);
• ⊞ Win + Y — starts Yahoo! Messenger (if installed).

    

The unknown tremendous facts about INDIA!!!!!!!!

FACTS ABOUT OUR NATION : INDIA(Hindustan).                      Hello,once again my dear friends   here I would like to to share an wondering    facts about INDIA..                                                                                  so let's 🌟t. 

Facts About India That Will Hit You Right In The Patriotism

Did you know that INDIA - the land of snake charmers and holy saints used to be an island more than 100 million years ago? About 50 million years ago, it collided with the Asian continent and thus was born the Himalayas. Fascinating, isn't it? With over a billion people from all kinds of religions and ethnicities, India is not only the second most populated country, but it also has in store some mind-blowing facts and achievements under its belt.   

1. Varanasi - One of The Oldest Inhabited Places of the World

Source

Situated on the banks of river Ganges and represented in the Parliament by the country's PM Narendra Modi, the holy city of Banaras or Varanasi is at least 3000 years old. According to Hindu Mythology, Lord Shiva found this city 5000 years ago.   

        2. LonarLake in Maharashtra - Formed by a Meteor

Source

A 4-hour drive from Aurangabad and doubling as Maharashtra's best-kept secret, this lake was formed by a plummeting meteor about 52,000 years ago. Travel enthusiasts must not miss this astronomical marvel and the temples around it.

3. India Firsts

Source 

A plethora of objects and concepts originated in India starting from the game of snakes and ladders to chess a.k.a Chaturanga, buttons, shampooing, the number pi, diamond mining, zero, algebra, trigonometry along with the finding of the presence of water on the moon. Now isn't this an interesting fact about India?

4. World's Only Floating Post Office

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India is not only known for the largest number of post offices in the world, but it has its very own floating post office on Dal lake in Srinagar. Perched on a houseboat, it also includes a philately museum within itself. Quite an unusual fact about India, isn't it?

5. Wettest Place on Earth - Mawsynram

Source

Holding a Guinness record for highest average annual rainfall, this town in Meghalaya gets about 11,873 millimetres of rain owing to its proximity to the Bay of Bengal. The winter months of this region are spent in preparation for the six-month-long monsoon ahead.

6. The Only Country With a Bill of Rights for Cows

Source

From the moment an Indian s born, he has two mothers. One, his birth mother and two, Gaumata. Cows are believed to be holy in Hinduism, and the Constitution has a set of rules in place that prevents the sale and slaughter of cows. Now isn't this an amazing fact about India.  each day due to a 300-yr old legend, this village in Maharashtra features establishments without any doors and locks. Its residents sleep soundly as they believe Lord Shani to be the guardian of the village. Hmm, I wonder how they keep the rain away...

7.Madhopatti- Officer's Village of India

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A small village in the Jaunpur district of uttar Pradesh,Madhopatti has created history by producing the most number of IAS officers. With about 75 households, it has given 47 officers to Indian administration. Not just that, many from the same village have made their careers by joining prestigious organisations like ISRO, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and World Bank. Ask the villagers about their study schedules, maybe? :p 

8. Tulsi Shyam - The hills that Defy Gravity

Source

Imagine if your car when left in free gear, starts rolling up a hill against the gravitational pull. Freaky, right? This strange phenomenon is indeed a reality at a road stretch near Tulsi Shyam in Amreli district, Gujarat.

9.The Largest Number of Vegetarians in the World

Source

Are you a vegetarian? You will fit right in here. With the majority of the population following Hinduism, around 29%-40% of the people are vegetarians.

10.Theghest Cricket Ground in the World

Source

India is a cricket loving nation. It's only natural for it to also feature the highest cricket ground in the world recorded by the Guinness Book. It is situated at a level of 2,144 metres above sea level in chail, Himachal Pradesh.

Indian National Kabaddi Team Has Won all World Cups

Source

India is where the game of Kabaddi originated and the Indian national Kabaddi team makes sure it brings all the 5 World Cup trophies home. The women's Kabaddi team has also remained undefeated in all the Kabaddi World Cups.

INDIAN MISSION: Chandrayan 2

CHANDRAYAN 2:India's orbital lander mission.     Hello  friends , welcome to my new blog ..                                                           here ,we will see about chandrayan 2 which had resulted as proud for India..   

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Mission Chandrayaan-2 (candra-yāna, transl. "mooncraft";^[15][16] pronunciation (help·info)) is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),after Chandrayaan-1It consisted of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover, all of which were developed in India.The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.

ISRO may re-attempt a soft landing by November 2020 with Chandrayaan-3. The proposed configuration would include a detachable propulsion module, a lander and a rover.

HistoryEdit

On 12 November 2007, representatives of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO signed an agreement for the two agencies to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project.^] ISRO would have the prime responsibility for the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to provide the lander. The Indian government approved the mission in a meeting of the Union Cabinet, held on 18 September 2008 and chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review.

Chandrayaan-2 launch was initially scheduled for 14 July 2019, 21:21 UTC (15 July 2019 at 02:51 IST local time), with the landing expected on 6 September 2019^] However, the launch was aborted due to a technical glitch and was rescheduled.The launch occurred on 22 July 2019 at 09:13 UTC (14:43 IST) on the first operational flight of a GSLV MK III M1.

ObjectivesEdit

The primary objectives of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Scientific goals include orbital studies of lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, and signatures of hydroxyl and water ice.^[54] The orbiter will map the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also map the surface while studying the water ice in the south polar region and thickness of the lunar regolith on the surface.^[55]

DesignEdit

The mission was launched on a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III) with an approximate lift-off mass of 3,850 kg (8,490 lb) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island. As of June 2019, the mission has an allocated cost of ₹ 9.78 billion (approximately US$141 million) which includes ₹ 6 billion for space segment and ₹ 3.75 billion as launch costs on GSLV Mk III.^] Chandrayaan-2 stack was initially put in an Earth parking orbit of 170 km perigee and 40,400 km apogee by the launch vehicle.^[

OrbiterEdit

Chandrayaan-2 orbiter at integration facility

As of September 2019, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter was orbiting the Moon on a polar orbit at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi).It carries eight scientific instruments; two of which are improved versions of those flown on Chandrayaan-1. The approximate launch mass was 2,379 kg (5,245 lb). The Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) conducted high-resolution observations of the landing site prior to separation of the lander from the orbiter.The orbiter's structure was manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and delivered to ISRO Satellite Centre on 22 June 2015.

Vikram landerEdit

Rover Pragyan mounted on the ramp of Vikram lander

The mission's lander is called Vikram (Sanskrit: विक्रम, lit. 'Valou) Pronunciation (help·info) named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971), who is widely regarded as the founder of the Indian space programme.

The Vikram lander detached from the orbiter and descended to a low lunar orbit of 30 km × 100 km (19 mi × 62 mi) using its 800 N (180 lb_f) liquid main engines. It then performed a comprehensive check of all its on-board systems before attempting a soft landing that would have deployed the rover, and perform scientific activities for approximately 14 Earth days. Vikram spacecraft apparently crash-landed The approximate combined mass of the lander and rover is 1,471 kg (3,243 lb).

Pragyan roverEdit

Main article: Pragyan (rover)

Pragyan rover of the Chandrayaan-2 mission

The mission's rover is called Pragyan (Sanskrit: प्रज्ञान, lit. 'Wisdom') Pronunciation (help·info))with a mass of 27 kg (60 lb), would have operated on solar power.The rover was to move on 6 wheels traversing 500 meters on the lunar surface at the rate of 1 cm per second, perform on-site analyses and send the data to the lander, which would have relayed it to the Mission Control on the Earth.For navigation, the rover uses:

• Power: 50 W
• Travel speed: 1 cm/sec.
• Mission duration: ≤14 days (one lunar day)

PayloadEdit

Mission overview

ISRO selected eight scientific instruments for the orbiter, four for the lander,and two for the rover.While it was initially reported that NASA and ESA would participate in the mission by providing some scientific instruments for the orbiter, ISRO in 2010 had clarified that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying foreign payloads on this mission.However, in an update just a month before launch,an agreement between NASA and ISRO was signed to include a small laser retroreflector from NASA to the lander's payload to measure the distance between the satellites above and the microreflector on the lunar surface.

Pragyan roverEdit

Pragyan rover carries two instruments to determine the abundance of elements near the landing site:

• Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) from Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems (LEOS), Bangalore.
• Alpha Particle Induced X-ray Spectroscope (APXS) from PRL, Ahmedabad.

CHACE2

XSM

CLASS

ILSA MEMS sensor package

Laser retroreflector array (LRA)

LIBS

APXS

ChaSTE

Mission profileEdit

Animation of Chandrayaan-2

Geocentric phase

Selenocentric phase

Lunar landing phase

Overall motion of Chandrayaan-2

Timeline of operations 

Phase	Date	Event	Detail	Result		References
				Apogee / Aposelene	Perigee / Periselene
Geocentric phase	22 July 2019 09:13:12 UTC	Launch

A view of Mission Operations Complex A view of Mission Operations Complex (MOX-1), ISTRAC^[160] prior to the fourth Earth-bound burn.^[110]

• Key scientists and engineers involved in the development of Chandrayaan-2 include:
  • Ritu Karidhal – Mission Director
  • Muthayya Vanitha – Project Director
  • K. Kalpana – Associate Project Director^[
  • G. Narayanan – Associate Project Director.
  • G. Nagesh – Project Director (former)
  • Chandrakanta Kumar – Deputy Project Director (Radio frequency systems)
  • Amitabh Singh – Deputy Project Director (Optical Payload Data Processing, SAC)