CHANDRAYAN 2:India's orbital lander mission. Hello friends , welcome to my new blog .. here ,we will see about chandrayan 2 which had resulted as proud for India..
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ISRO may re-attempt a soft landing by November 2020 with Chandrayaan-3. The proposed configuration would include a detachable propulsion module, a lander and a rover.
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Mission Chandrayaan-2 (candra-yāna, transl. "mooncraft";[15][16] 
pronunciation (help·info)) is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),after Chandrayaan-1It consisted of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover, all of which were developed in India.The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.
pronunciation (help·info)) is the second lunar exploration mission developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),after Chandrayaan-1It consisted of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander, and the Pragyan lunar rover, all of which were developed in India.The main scientific objective is to map and study the variations in lunar surface composition, as well as the location and abundance of lunar water.ISRO may re-attempt a soft landing by November 2020 with Chandrayaan-3. The proposed configuration would include a detachable propulsion module, a lander and a rover.
History
On 12 November 2007, representatives of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) and ISRO signed an agreement for the two agencies to work together on the Chandrayaan-2 project.] ISRO would have the prime responsibility for the orbiter and rover, while Roscosmos was to provide the lander. The Indian government approved the mission in a meeting of the Union Cabinet, held on 18 September 2008 and chaired by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.The design of the spacecraft was completed in August 2009, with scientists of both countries conducting a joint review.
Chandrayaan-2 launch was initially scheduled for 14 July 2019, 21:21 UTC (15 July 2019 at 02:51 IST local time), with the landing expected on 6 September 2019] However, the launch was aborted due to a technical glitch and was rescheduled.The launch occurred on 22 July 2019 at 09:13 UTC (14:43 IST) on the first operational flight of a GSLV MK III M1.
Objectives
The primary objectives of the Chandrayaan-2 lander were to demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface and operate a robotic rover on the surface. Scientific goals include orbital studies of lunar topography, mineralogy, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, and signatures of hydroxyl and water ice.[54] The orbiter will map the lunar surface and help to prepare 3D maps of it. The onboard radar will also map the surface while studying the water ice in the south polar region and thickness of the lunar regolith on the surface.[55]
Design
The mission was launched on a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III) with an approximate lift-off mass of 3,850 kg (8,490 lb) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre on Sriharikota Island. As of June 2019, the mission has an allocated cost of ₹ 9.78 billion (approximately US$141 million) which includes ₹ 6 billion for space segment and ₹ 3.75 billion as launch costs on GSLV Mk III.] Chandrayaan-2 stack was initially put in an Earth parking orbit of 170 km perigee and 40,400 km apogee by the launch vehicle.[
Orbiter
Chandrayaan-2 orbiter at integration facility
As of September 2019, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter was orbiting the Moon on a polar orbit at an altitude of 100 km (62 mi).It carries eight scientific instruments; two of which are improved versions of those flown on Chandrayaan-1. The approximate launch mass was 2,379 kg (5,245 lb). The Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) conducted high-resolution observations of the landing site prior to separation of the lander from the orbiter.The orbiter's structure was manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and delivered to ISRO Satellite Centre on 22 June 2015.
Vikram lander
Rover Pragyan mounted on the ramp of Vikram lander
The mission's lander is called Vikram (Sanskrit: विक्रम, lit. 'Valou) Pronunciation (help·info) named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971), who is widely regarded as the founder of the Indian space programme.
Pronunciation (help·info) named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919–1971), who is widely regarded as the founder of the Indian space programme.
The Vikram lander detached from the orbiter and descended to a low lunar orbit of 30 km × 100 km (19 mi × 62 mi) using its 800 N (180 lbf) liquid main engines. It then performed a comprehensive check of all its on-board systems before attempting a soft landing that would have deployed the rover, and perform scientific activities for approximately 14 Earth days. Vikram spacecraft apparently crash-landed The approximate combined mass of the lander and rover is 1,471 kg (3,243 lb).
Pragyan rover
Pragyan rover of the Chandrayaan-2 mission
The mission's rover is called Pragyan (Sanskrit: प्रज्ञान, lit. 'Wisdom') Pronunciation (help·info))with a mass of 27 kg (60 lb), would have operated on solar power.The rover was to move on 6 wheels traversing 500 meters on the lunar surface at the rate of 1 cm per second, perform on-site analyses and send the data to the lander, which would have relayed it to the Mission Control on the Earth.For navigation, the rover uses:
Pronunciation (help·info))with a mass of 27 kg (60 lb), would have operated on solar power.The rover was to move on 6 wheels traversing 500 meters on the lunar surface at the rate of 1 cm per second, perform on-site analyses and send the data to the lander, which would have relayed it to the Mission Control on the Earth.For navigation, the rover uses:- Power: 50 W
- Travel speed: 1 cm/sec.
- Mission duration: ≤14 days (one lunar day)
Payload
Mission overview
ISRO selected eight scientific instruments for the orbiter, four for the lander,and two for the rover.While it was initially reported that NASA and ESA would participate in the mission by providing some scientific instruments for the orbiter, ISRO in 2010 had clarified that due to weight restrictions it will not be carrying foreign payloads on this mission.However, in an update just a month before launch,an agreement between NASA and ISRO was signed to include a small laser retroreflector from NASA to the lander's payload to measure the distance between the satellites above and the microreflector on the lunar surface.
Pragyan rover
Pragyan rover carries two instruments to determine the abundance of elements near the landing site:
- Laser induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) from Laboratory for Electro Optic Systems (LEOS), Bangalore.
- Alpha Particle Induced X-ray Spectroscope (APXS) from PRL, Ahmedabad.
Mission profile
Animation of Chandrayaan-2
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_at_ISTRAC,_Peenya_before_commencement_of_fourth_orbit_raising_burn_for_Chandrayaan-2.jpg)
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Key scientists and engineers involved in the development of Chandrayaan-2 include:
- Ritu Karidhal – Mission Director
- Muthayya Vanitha – Project Director
- K. Kalpana – Associate Project Director[
- G. Narayanan – Associate Project Director.
- G. Nagesh – Project Director (former)
- Chandrakanta Kumar – Deputy Project Director (Radio frequency systems)
- Amitabh Singh – Deputy Project Director (Optical Payload Data Processing, SAC)
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